1. Chemical Properties:
Composition: Chlorinated paraffins are a mixture of hydrocarbons with varying chain lengths (typically C10–C30) and degrees of chlorination (30–70% by weight).
Appearance: Clear to pale yellow viscous liquids or waxy solids, depending on the chain length and degree of chlorination.
Odor: Mild or slightly characteristic.
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents like alcohols and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Stability: Chemically stable but can decompose at high temperatures, releasing hydrogen chloride (HCl).

2. Types:
Chlorinated paraffins are classified based on chain length:
Short-Chain (SCCPs): C10–C13
Medium-Chain (MCCPs): C14–C17
Long-Chain (LCCPs): C18–C30

3. Production:
Produced by the chlorination of paraffins in the presence of UV light or catalysts. The degree of chlorination depends on reaction conditions.

4. Applications:
Flame Retardants:
Used in plastics, rubber, and paints to enhance fire resistance.
Plasticizers:
Added to polymers (e.g., PVC) to improve flexibility and durability.
Lubricants and Metalworking Fluids:
Provide extreme pressure resistance and reduce wear in cutting, grinding, and machining.
Additives:
Used in sealants, adhesives, and coatings.

4.Hazards and Handling:
Toxicity:
Some types, especially SCCPs, are toxic to aquatic organisms and may pose risks to human health with prolonged exposure.
Persistence and Bioaccumulation:
Chlorinated paraffins are highly persistent in the environment and can bioaccumulate in living organisms.
Regulations:
SCCPs are regulated or banned in many countries due to their potential for long-term environmental harm.
Precautions: Use personal protective equipment (PPE) to avoid inhalation, skin, or eye contact.
Storage: Store in cool, well-ventilated areas away from strong oxidizing agents or open flames.