1. Properties of Diluted Alcohol::
Concentration: Expressed as a percentage by volume (𝑣/𝑣), indicating the amount of ethanol in the solution. For example, a 70% diluted alcohol solution contains 70% ethanol and 30% water by volume.
Solubility: Ethanol is miscible with water, meaning it can mix in any proportion without separating into layers.
Volatility: Diluted alcohol is more volatile than water but less volatile than pure ethanol, depending on the concentration.
Flammability: Still flammable if the alcohol concentration is above 40%, with the flammability decreasing as it is further diluted.

2. Applications of Diluted Alcohol:
Medical and Disinfectant Use: Commonly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (e.g., 70% isopropyl or ethyl alcohol). Effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi due to its ability to denature proteins.
Beverages: Found in alcoholic drinks where ethanol is diluted to a specific concentration (e.g., beer, wine, and spirits).
Cleaning: Used in cleaning solutions for surfaces, electronics, and glass due to its rapid evaporation and grease-cutting properties.
Cosmetics and Personal Care: Used as a solvent in perfumes, aftershaves, and other cosmetic products.
Laboratory Use: As a solvent or reagent in scientific experiments.
Industrial Use: Found in manufacturing processes, such as the production of paints and coatings.

3. Common Alcohol Concentrations:
20-30%: Used in light cleaning and mild antiseptic applications.
40-50%: Common in beverages like spirits.
60-70%: Optimal concentration for disinfection; effectively kills most pathogens.
90%+: Used for laboratory purposes or specialized cleaning tasks.