1. Properties of Propionaldehyde:

• Chemical Formula: C₃H₆O
• Molecular Weight: 58.08 g/mol
• Physical State: Colorless liquid with a pungent, fruity odor.
• Boiling Point: 49°C (120°F)
• Melting Point: -81°C (-114°F)
• Density: Approximately 0.8 g/cm³ at 20°C
• Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents.

2. Reactivity and Chemical Behavior:

• Aldehyde Group: Contains a reactive carbonyl group (-CHO) that undergoes oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions.
• Combustibility: Highly flammable; forms explosive mixtures with air.
• Polymerization: Can polymerize under certain conditions, especially in the presence of acids or bases.

3. Applications of Propionaldehyde:

• Chemical Synthesis:
  • Intermediate in the production of propionic acid, a preservative.
  • Used in the manufacture of plastics, alcohols, and esters.
• Flavor and Fragrance: Incorporated into synthetic flavoring agents and perfumes due to its fruity odor.
• Pharmaceutical Industry: Precursor in the synthesis of certain drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
• Agriculture: Utilized in the production of pesticides and herbicides.

4. Safety and Handling:

• Hazards:
  • Highly flammable: Avoid exposure to open flames or sparks.
  • Irritant: Can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system.
  • Toxicity: Prolonged exposure may result in systemic toxicity.
• Protective Measures:
  • Use in a well-ventilated area or fume hood.
  • Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.
  • Store in tightly closed containers away from heat and oxidizing agents.

5. Storage:

Propionaldehyde should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Keep it away from incompatible substances such as strong acids, bases, and oxidizers. Use appropriate, labeled containers to prevent accidental exposure.